Discussion 5
John Aubert ( American River College
Global Climate Systems
Physical Geography Lecture Notes
Page 5 of 5
Global Climate Systems
I.
Introduction:
Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get………
Generally speaking, climate is the average weather of a region.
II.
Two Main Climate Indicators: The annual patterns of (1)temperature and (2) precipitation. This, in turn, is primarily determined by:
III.
Main factors affecting temp and precip – Review!
A.
Latitude: …affects day length and sun angle (which generally determine temp)
B.
Proximity to oceans: …determines whether you’re likely to receive Maritime or Continental air masses
C.
Prevailing winds: … determines where your weather (storms, air masses, etc) come from?
D.
Altitude: High altitudes will be colder due to the Normal Lapse Rate.
IV.
Global Precipitation Map: (
isohyets are lines of equal precip)
A.
Recall the positions of:
1.
Intertropical Convergence Zone (equatorial low pressure trough): high convectional rainfall
2.
Hadley Cell
3.
Subtropcial High Pressures: 30(North and South Latitude; generally clear weather
4.
Trade winds
5.
Westerlies: (the track of polar front cyclones; warm and cold fronts)
B.
Review the following global precip. patterns
1.
Where is the highest precipitation and why? Along the equator… ITCZ causes high convectional precipitation.
2.
Why is there high precipitation in mountains? Orographic lifitng causes high precipitation.
3.
Why is there low precipitation along the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn? Sub-tropical High Pressure influence suppresses cloud formation.
4.
Why does the Andes’ rainshadow desert switch from east slope to west slope? Because the prevailing winds are from the East at around 5-25° South Latitude and from the West at around 30-50° South Latitude.
5.
Why are the interiors of N.America and Asia so dry? They are far from maritime air masses.
6.
Why are many midlatitude east coasts wetter than midlatitude west coasts? East coasts receive wetter tropical air masses, while west coasts receive drier polar air masses
John Aubert • American River College Global Climate Systems
Physical Geography Lecture Notes Page 1 of 5
[email protected]
TIP: Review online notes before every lecture! TIP: Review your notes as soon as possible after every lecture!
Global Climate Systems
I. Introduction:
Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get………
Generally speaking, climate is the average weather of a region.
II. Two Main Climate Indicators: The annual patterns of (1)temperature and (2) precipitation.
This, in turn, is primarily determined by:
III. Main factors affecting temp and precip – Review!
A. Latitude: …affects day length and sun angle (which generally determine temp)
B. Proximity to oceans: …determines whether you’re likely to receive Maritime or
Continental air masses
C. Prevailing winds: … determines where your weather (storms, air masses, etc) come
from?
D. Altitude: High altitudes will be colder due to the Normal Lapse Rate.
IV. Global Precipitation Map: (isohyets are lines of equal precip)
A. Recall the positions of:
1. Intertropical Convergence Zone (equatorial low pressure trough): high
convectional rainfall
2. Hadley Cell
3. Subtropcial High Pressures: 30°North and South Latitude; generally clear
weather
4. Trade winds
5. Westerlies: (the track of polar front cyclones; warm and cold fronts)
B. Review the following global precip. patterns
1. Where is the highest precipitation and why? Along the equator… ITCZ causes
high convectional precipitation.
2. Why is there high precipitation in mountains? Orographic lifitng causes high
precipitation.
3. Why is there low precipitation along the tropics of Cancer and
Capricorn? Sub-tropical High Pressure influence suppresses cloud formation.
4. Why does the Andes’ rainshadow desert switch from east slope to west
slope? Because the prevailing winds are from the East at around 5-25° South Latitude
and from the West at around 30-50° South Latitude.
5. Why are the interiors of N.America and Asia so dry? They are far from
maritime air masses.
6. Why are many midlatitude east coasts wetter than midlatitude west
coasts? East coasts receive wetter tropical air masses, while west coasts receive drier
polar air masses
V. Climagraph: A graph showing both annual patterns of average monthly temperature and precipitation.
John Aubert • American River College Global Climate Systems
Physical Geography Lecture Notes Page 2 of 5
[email
![Discussion 5
John Aubert ( American River College
Global Climate Systems
Physical Geography Lecture Notes
Page 5 of 5
[email protected]
Global Climate Systems
I.
Introduction:
Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get………
Generally speaking, climate is the average weather of a region.
II.
Two Main Climate Indicators: The annual patterns of (1)temperature and (2) precipitation. This, in turn, is primarily determined by:
III.
Main factors affecting temp and precip – Review!
A.
Latitude: …affects day length and sun angle (which generally determine temp)
B.
Proximity to oceans: …determines whether you’re likely to receive Maritime or Continental air masses
C.
Prevailing winds: … determines where your weather (storms, air masses, etc) come from?
D.
Altitude: High altitudes will be colder due to the Normal Lapse Rate.
IV.
Global Precipitation Map: (
isohyets are lines of equal precip)
A.
Recall the positions of:
1.
Intertropical Convergence Zone (equatorial low pressure trough): high convectional rainfall
2.
Hadley Cell
3.
Subtropcial High Pressures: 30(North and South Latitude; generally clear weather
4.
Trade winds
5.
Westerlies: (the track of polar front cyclones; warm and cold fronts)
B.
Review the following global precip. patterns
1.
Where is the highest precipitation and why? Along the equator… ITCZ causes high convectional precipitation.
2.
Why is there high precipitation in mountains? Orographic lifitng causes high precipitation.
3.
Why is there low precipitation along the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn? Sub-tropical High Pressure influence suppresses cloud formation.
4.
Why does the Andes’ rainshadow desert switch from east slope to west slope? Because the prevailing winds are from the East at around 5-25° South Latitude and from the West at around 30-50° South Latitude.
5.
Why are the interiors of N.America and Asia so dry? They are far from maritime air masses.
6.
Why are many midlatitude east coasts wetter than midlatitude west coasts? East coasts receive wetter tropical air masses, while west coasts receive drier polar air masses
John Aubert • American River College Global Climate Systems
Physical Geography Lecture Notes Page 1 of 5
[email protected]
TIP: Review online notes before every lecture! TIP: Review your notes as soon as possible after every lecture!
Global Climate Systems
I. Introduction:
Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get………
Generally speaking, climate is the average weather of a region.
II. Two Main Climate Indicators: The annual patterns of (1)temperature and (2) precipitation.
This, in turn, is primarily determined by:
III. Main factors affecting temp and precip – Review!
A. Latitude: …affects day length and sun angle (which generally determine temp)
B. Proximity to oceans: …determines whether you’re likely to receive Maritime or
Continental air masses
C. Prevailing winds: … determines where your weather (storms, air masses, etc) come
from?
D. Altitude: High altitudes will be colder due to the Normal Lapse Rate.
IV. Global Precipitation Map: (isohyets are lines of equal precip)
A. Recall the positions of:
1. Intertropical Convergence Zone (equatorial low pressure trough): high
convectional rainfall
2. Hadley Cell
3. Subtropcial High Pressures: 30°North and South Latitude; generally clear
weather
4. Trade winds
5. Westerlies: (the track of polar front cyclones; warm and cold fronts)
B. Review the following global precip. patterns
1. Where is the highest precipitation and why? Along the equator… ITCZ causes
high convectional precipitation.
2. Why is there high precipitation in mountains? Orographic lifitng causes high
precipitation.
3. Why is there low precipitation along the tropics of Cancer and
Capricorn? Sub-tropical High Pressure influence suppresses cloud formation.
4. Why does the Andes’ rainshadow desert switch from east slope to west
slope? Because the prevailing winds are from the East at around 5-25° South Latitude
and from the West at around 30-50° South Latitude.
5. Why are the interiors of N.America and Asia so dry? They are far from
maritime air masses.
6. Why are many midlatitude east coasts wetter than midlatitude west
coasts? East coasts receive wetter tropical air masses, while west coasts receive drier
polar air masses
V. Climagraph: A graph showing both annual patterns of average monthly temperature and precipitation.
John Aubert • American River College Global Climate Systems
Physical Geography Lecture Notes Page 2 of 5
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